PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction (bentuk
gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak melakukan aksi,
melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of action) oleh agent lain
(doer of action) baik disebutkan ataupun tidak. Sebaliknya,
pada konstruksi active, subject berhubungan langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai pelaku aksi. Kalimat aktif
dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif, namun hanya transitive verb(diikuti direct object) yang dapat
diberlakukan demikian.
Dalam arti lain, Passive voice ( Kalimat pasif ) adalah salah satu
kalimat yang sering di gunakan dalam bahasa Inggris. Passive voice juga terdapat pada bahasa Indonesia,
misalnya makan menjadi dimakan, minum menjadi diminum.
Cara membentuk kalimat pasif adalah
sebagai berikut :
1.
Mengubah objek dalam aktif menjadi
subjek dalam bentuk pasif.
2.
Meletakkan by sesudah kata kerja utama
dalam bentuk pasif sebelum subjek.
3.
Kata kerja yang dipakai adalah verb 3
yang didahului to be.
4.
Menyusun kalimat menyesuakan tenses.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive
voice adalah sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
Catatan:
Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary auxiliary verb be (is,
are, am, was, were, be, been, being), kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are
being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antara primary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will
have been); sedangkan past participle yang digunakan berupa
kata kerja transitive.
Contoh:
·
She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive).
·
He always come on time.
(active voice, intransitive)
Contoh:
·
play (base form) —> played (past
participle)
·
sing (base form) —> sung (past
participle)
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada Auxiliary Verb be:
|
Komponen
|
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
|
||
|
Subject
|
be
|
PP
|
|
|
I
|
am
|
paid
|
I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.) |
|
the red velvet recipe
|
is
|
used
|
The red velvet recipe is used by many
people.
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.) |
|
all of my shoes
|
are
|
washed
|
All of my shoes are washed every
month.
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.) |
|
large amounts of meat and milk
|
are
|
consumed
|
Large amounts of meat and milk are
consumed by many people in the countries.
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di negara-negara tsb.) |
|
the book
|
was
|
edited
|
The book was edited by Beatrice
Sparks.
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) |
|
the books
|
were
|
edited
|
The books were edited by Beatrice
Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.) |
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive
verb, kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat dipasifkan.
Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look
like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika
dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai
berikut.
Contoh:
·
I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: A great new idea is had by
me.
·
The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by
the snack.
Semoga penjelasan
materi passive voice ini bermanfaat dan mohon maaf jika ada
kekurangan.
Bentuk bentuk lain passive voice
Dalam bahasa Inggris
terdapat bentuk yaitu :
A. Present Passive
Voice
B. Past Passive Voice
C. Future Passive
Voice
D. Modal Auxiliary
Passive Voice
A.
Present Passive Voice
1. Simple Present
Tense
- Active :
Do / Does + Verb 1
I speak English
every day.
She write novel every morning
- Passive :
Is / Am / Are + Verb 3
· English is spoken by
me every day.
· Novel is write by
her every morning.
2. Present Continous
Tense
-
Active : Is /
Am / Are + Verb –ing
· She is reading a
novel.
· Ali is singing a
song.
- Passive :
Is / Am / Are + Being + Verb 3
· A novel is being
read by her.
· A song is being sung
by Ali.
3. Present Perfect
Tense
-
Active : Have / Has + Verb 3
· Sabila has studied
english.
· I have Written a novel.
-
Passive : Have / Has + Been + Verb 3
· English has been
studied by Sabila.
· A novel have been
written by me.
B.
Past Passive Voice
1. Simple Past Tense
- Active : Did +
Verb 2
· Rico studied English.
· Rian drank water.
- Passive : Was / Were + Verb 3
· English was studied by Rico.
· Water
was drunk by Rian.
2. Past Continous
Tense
-
Active : Was / Were + Verb –ing
· Rini was studying
English.
· We were reading a book
-
Passive : Was / Were + Being + Verb 3
· English
was being studied by Rini.
· A
book were being read by us.
3. Past Perfect Tense
-
Active : Had + Verb 3
· Fany had drank coffe.
· Reny had speak english.
-
Passive : Had + Been
+ Verb 3
· Coffe had been drank
by Fany.
· English had been
spoken by Reny
C.
Future Passive Voice
1. Simple Future Tense
- Active : Will / Shall + Verb 1
· Tina will read a
newspaper.
· Fendi will study
English.
- Passive : Will / Shall + Be + Verb 3
· A newapaper will be
read by Tina.
· English will be
studied by Fendi.
2. Future Continous Tense
- Active : Will / Shall + Be + Verb –ing
· Toni will be
reading a book.
· Rian will be
studying English.
- Passive : Will / Shall + Be + Being + Verb 3
· A book will be being
read by Toni
· English will be
being studied by Rian.
3. Future Perfect Tense
- Active : Will / Shall + Have + Verb 3
· Tian will have
spoken English.
· Toni will have read
a newspaper.
- Passive : Will / Shall + Have + Been + Verb 3
· English will have
been spoken by Tian.
· A newapaper will
have been by Toni
D. Modal Auxiliary
Passive Voice
-
Active : Can -
Could +
Verb 1
May
– Might +
Verb 1
Will
– Would +
Verb 1
Must
– Had to +
Verb 1
Shall
– Should +
Verb 1
Ougth
to +
Verb 1
· Toni can
speak english
· Rian may drink
coffe.
-
Passive : Can –
Could +
Be + Verb 3
May
– Might +
Be + Verb 3
Will
–
Would +
Be + Verb 3
Must
– Had to + Be
+ Verb 3
Shall
– Should + Be
+ Verb 3
Ougth
to +
Be + Verb 3
· English can
be spoken by Toni.
· Coffe may be dran
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar